Resources
The following esametric resources are ordered alphabetically, stratified by category. Note that some items are listed multiple times.
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Actigraphy + Accelerometry
Publications
- Barnett I, Torous J, Staples P, Keshavan M, Onnela JP. Beyond smartphones and sensors: Choosing appropriate statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2018 Dec;25(12):1669-74. academic.oup.com/jamia/article/25/12/1669/5110357
- Catellier DJ, Hannan PJ, Murray DM, Addy CL, Conway TL, Yang S, Rice JC. Imputation of missing data when measuring physical activity by accelerometry. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2005 Nov;37(11 Suppl):S555. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435061
- Rowe DA, Mahar MT, Raedeke TD, Lore J. Measuring physical activity in children with pedometers: Reliability, reactivity, and replacement of missing data. Pediatric Exercise Science. 2004 Nov 1;16(4):343-54. researchgate.net/profile/David_Rowe/publication/251259986….pdf
Aggregated N-of-1 Analyses
This section covers Aggregated N-of-1, Intensive Longitudinal Data, Meta-analysis, Mixed/Random Effects Models, Multilevel/Hierarchical Models, Multilevel Time Series, Series-of-n-of-1.
Links
- Analyzing Intensive Longitudinal Data centerstat.org/analyzing-intensive-longitudinal-data/
Publications
- Araujo A, Julious S, Senn S. Understanding variation in sets of N-of-1 trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(12). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131970
- Barnett I, Torous J, Staples P, Keshavan M, Onnela JP. Beyond smartphones and sensors: Choosing appropriate statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2018 Dec;25(12):1669-74. academic.oup.com/jamia/article/25/12/1669/5110357
- Bauer SR, Breyer BN, Oni-Orisan A, Steinman MA, Sim I, McCulloch CE, Kenfield SA. PERSONAL: Feasibility Study Protocol for Placebo-Controlled, Randomized n-of-1 Trials of Tamsulosin for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Frontiers in Digital Health. 2020 Jun 26;2:7. frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2020.00007/full
- Beltz AM, Wright AG, Sprague BN, Molenaar PC. Bridging the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the analysis of clinical data. Assessment. 2016 Aug;23(4):447-58. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073191116648209
- Blackston JW, Chapple AG, McGree JM, McDonald S, Nikles J. Comparison of aggregated N-of-1 trials with parallel and crossover randomized controlled trials using simulation studies. Healthcare 2019 Dec (Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 137). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/4/137
- Chen X, Chen P. A comparison of four methods for the analysis of N-of-1 trials. PloS one. 2014 Feb 4;9(2):e87752. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087752
- Fok CC, Ramsay JO. Fitting curves with periodic and nonperiodic trends and their interactions with intensive longitudinal data. Models for intensive longitudinal data. 2006 Jan 19:109-23. oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173444.001.0001/acprof-9780195173444
- Gates KM, Chow SM, Molenaar PCM. Intensive Longitudinal Analysis of Human Processes. Chapan and Hall/CRC; 2022 Dec 7. routledge.com/Analysis-of-Intra-Individual-Variation-Systems-Approaches-to-Human-Process/Gates-Chow-Molenaar/p/book/9781482230598
- Goldstein H, Healy MJ, Rasbash J. Multilevel time series models with applications to repeated measures data. Statistics in medicine. 1994 Aug 30;13(16):1643-55. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.4780131605
- Golino H, Christensen AP, Nesselroade JR. Towards a psychology of individuals: the ergodicity information index and a bottom-up approach for finding generalizations 2022. doi:10.31234/osf.io/th6rm. psyarxiv.com/th6rm
- Hendrickson RC, Thomas RG, Schork N, Raskind MA. Optimizing aggregated N-of-1 trial designs for predictive biomarker validation: statistical methods and theoretical findings. Frontiers in Digital Health. 2020;2:13. frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2020.00013
- Hyndman RJ, Athanasopoulos G, Shang HL. hts: An R Package for Forecasting Hierarchical or Grouped Time Series. R Package 2015. cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hts/vignettes/hts.pdf
- Kratochwill TR, Levin JR. Meta-and statistical analysis of single-case intervention research data: Quantitative gifts and a wish list. Journal of School Psychology. 2014 Apr 1;52(2):231-5. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022440514000168
- Li R, Root TL, Shiffman S. A local linear estimation procedure for functional multilevel modeling. Models for intensive longitudinal data. 2006 Jan 19:63-83. oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173444.001.0001/acprof-9780195173444
- Porcino AJ, Shamseer L, Chan AW, Kravitz RL, Orkin A, Punja S, Ravaud P, Schmid CH, Vohra S. Spirit extension and elaboration for n-of-1 trials: spent 2019 checklist. bmj. 2020 Feb 27;368. bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m122
- Qian T, Klasnja P, Murphy SA. Linear mixed models with endogenous covariates: modeling sequential treatment effects with application to a mobile health study. Statistical science: a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. 2020;35(3):375. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596885/
- Ridenour TA, Chen SH, Liu HY, Bobashev GV, Hill K, Cooper R. The clinical trials mosaic: toward a range of clinical trials designs to optimize evidence-based treatment. Journal for Person-Oriented Research. 2017;3(1):28-48. person-research.org/journal/files/3_1/filer/5.pdf
- Ridenour TA, Wittenborn AK, Raiff BR, Benedict N, Kane-Gill S. Illustrating idiographic methods for translation research: moderation effects, natural clinical experiments, and complex treatment-by-subgroup interactions. Translational behavioral medicine. 2016 Mar 1;6(1):125-34. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807195/
- Stunnenberg BC, Woertman W, Raaphorst J, Statland JM, Griggs RC, Timmermans J, Saris CG, Schouwenberg BJ, Groenewoud HM, Stegeman DF, van Engelen BG. Combined N-of-1 trials to investigate mexiletine in non-dystrophic myotonia using a Bayesian approach; study rationale and protocol. BMC neurology. 2015 Dec;15(1):1-0. bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-015-0294-4
- Sung L, Tomlinson GA, Greenberg ML, Koren G, Judd P, Ota S, Feldman BM. Serial controlled N-of-1 trials of topical vitamin E as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in paediatric patients. European Journal of Cancer. 2007 May 1;43(8):1269-75. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959804907001268
- Tan X, Shiyko MP, Li R, Li Y, Dierker L. A time-varying effect model for intensive longitudinal data. Psychological methods. 2012 Mar;17(1):61. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3288551/
- Timms KP, Martín CA, Rivera DE, Hekler EB, Riley W. Leveraging intensive longitudinal data to better understand health behaviors. In2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2014 Aug 26 (pp. 6888-6891). IEEE. ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6945211
- Van den Noortgate W, Onghena P. Combining single-case experimental data using hierarchical linear models. School Psychology Quarterly. 2003;18(3):325. psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-08719-005
- Walls TA, Shafer JL. Models for intensive longitudinal data. Oxford University Press; 2006 Jan 19. academic.oup.com/book/5915
- Zucker DR, Schmid CH, McIntosh MW, D’agostino RB, Selker HP, Lau J. Combining single patient (N-of-1) trials to estimate population treatment effects and to evaluate individual patient responses to treatment. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1997 Apr 1;50(4):401-10. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0895435696004295
- Zucker DR, Ruthazer R, Schmid CH. Individual (N-of-1) trials can be combined to give population comparative treatment effect estimates: Methodologic considerations. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2010 Dec 1;63(12):1312-23. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0895435610001940
Applications and Empirical Studies
Publications
- Daza EJ, Wac K, Oppezzo M. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Blood Glucose, Food Cravings, and Affect in a Non-Diabetic: An N-of-1 Randomized Pilot Study. Healthcare 2020 Mar (Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 6). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/1/6
- DeLoatche KJ. Parent-child interaction therapy as a treatment for ADHD in early childhood: A multiple baseline single-case design. University of South Florida; 2015. core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71953292.pdf
- Dickerson E. Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CCRT): Investigating Change in the Psychosocial and Cognitive Function of Adolescent Psychiatric Patients. Northeastern University; 2016. repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:cj82nb768/fulltext.pdf
- Matias I, Daza EJ, Wac K. What possibly affects nighttime heart rate? Conclusions from N-of-1 observational data. Digital Health. 2022 Aug 24. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20552076221120725
Bayesian Approaches
Publications
- Batley PN, Hedges LV. Accurate models vs. accurate estimates: A simulation study of Bayesian single-case experimental designs. Behavior Research Methods. 2021 Feb 11:1-7. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-020-01522-0
- Colopy GW, Roberts SJ, Clifton DA. Bayesian optimization of personalized models for patient vital-sign monitoring. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2017 Dec 19;22(2):301-10. ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8226743
- Colopy GW, Roberts SJ, Clifton DA. Gaussian processes for personalized interpretable volatility metrics in the step-down ward. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2019 Jan 22;23(3):949-59. ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8621007
- Lum K, Dunson DB, Johndrow J. Closer than they appear: A Bayesian perspective on individual-level heterogeneity in risk assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.01135. 2021 Feb 1. arxiv.org/abs/2102.01135
- Natesan P, Hedges LV. Bayesian unknown change-point models to investigate immediacy in single case designs. Psychological Methods. 2017 Dec;22(4):743. psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmet0000134 (pdf)
- Natesan Batley P, Shukla Mehta S, Hitchcock JH. A Bayesian rate ratio effect size to quantify intervention effects for count data in single case experimental research. Behavioral Disorders. 2020 Jun 19:0198742920930704. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0198742920930704 (pdf)
- Senarathne SG, Overstall AM, McGree JM. Bayesian adaptive N‐of‐1 trials for estimating population and individual treatment effects. Statistics in Medicine. 2020 Dec 20;39(29):4499-518. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.8737
- Stunnenberg BC, Woertman W, Raaphorst J, Statland JM, Griggs RC, Timmermans J, Saris CG, Schouwenberg BJ, Groenewoud HM, Stegeman DF, van Engelen BG. Combined N-of-1 trials to investigate mexiletine in non-dystrophic myotonia using a Bayesian approach; study rationale and protocol. BMC neurology. 2015 Dec;15(1):1-0. bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-015-0294-4
- Sung L, Tomlinson GA, Greenberg ML, Koren G, Judd P, Ota S, Feldman BM. Serial controlled N-of-1 trials of topical vitamin E as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in paediatric patients. European Journal of Cancer. 2007 May 1;43(8):1269-75. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959804907001268
- Zhu T, Colopy GW, Pugh CW, Clifton DA. Personalised patient monitoring in haemodialysis using hierarchical Gaussian processes. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9cc27d2-d47a-45f5-8f7a-a3a8f792b303
Causal Inference + Causality
Publications
- Anjum RL, Copeland S, Rocca E. Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient: A CauseHealth Resource for Healthcare Professionals and the Clinical Encounter. Springer Nature. 2020. library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/39574
- Balandat M. New tools for econometric analysis of high-frequency time series data-application to demand-side management in electricity markets. University of California, Berkeley; 2016. search.proquest.com/openview/17ecbcf034eb521b90b63a6fe9c8a314/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
- Bojinov I, Shephard N. Time series experiments and causal estimands: exact randomization tests and trading. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2019 Oct 2;114(528):1665-82. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.2018.1527225
- Cook TD, Campbell DT, Shadish W. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 2002. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.10129
- Daza EJ. Person as Population: A Longitudinal View of Single-Subject Causal Inference for Analyzing Self-Tracked Health Data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.03423. 2019 Jan 10. arxiv.org/abs/1901.03423
- Daza EJ. Causal analysis of self-tracked time series data using a counterfactual framework for N-of-1 trials. Methods of information in medicine. 2018 Feb;57(Suppl 1):e10. thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.3414/ME16-02-0044
- LaTeX pre-print (identical content) here
- Daza EJ, Schneider L. Model-Twin Randomization (MoTR): A Monte Carlo Method for Estimating the Within-Individual Average Treatment Effect Using Wearable Sensors. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.00739. 2022 Aug 2. arxiv.org/abs/2208.00739
- Langenberg B, Wurpts IC, Geuke GG, Onghena P. Estimating and Testing Causal Mediation Effects in Single-Case Experimental Designs Using State-Space Modeling. Evaluation & the Health Professions. 2022:01632787211067533. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01632787211067533
- Mahoney J. Strategies of causal inference in small-N analysis. Sociological methods & research. 2000 May;28(4):387-424. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0049124100028004001
- Mahoney J. Toward a unified theory of causality. Comparative Political Studies. 2008 Apr;41(4-5):412-36. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0010414007313115
- Malenica I, Bibaut A, van der Laan MJ. Adaptive Sequential Design for a Single Time-Series. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.00102. 2021 Jan 29. arxiv.org/abs/2102.00102
- Matias I, Daza EJ, Wac K. What possibly affects nighttime heart rate? Conclusions from N-of-1 observational data. Digital Health. 2022 Aug 24. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20552076221120725
- Neto EC, Bot BM, Perumal T, Omberg L, Guinney J, Kellen M, Klein A, Friend SH, Trister AD. Personalized hypothesis tests for detecting medication response in Parkinson disease patients using iPhone Sensor data. InBiocomputing 2016: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium 2016 (pp. 273-284). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776193
- Neto EC, Prentice RL, Bot BM, Kellen M, Friend SH, Trister AD, Omberg L, Mangravite L. Towards personalized causal inference of medication response in mobile health: an instrumental variable approach for randomized trials with imperfect compliance. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.01055. 2016 Apr 4. arxiv.org/abs/1604.01055
- Neto EC, Tummalacherla M, Mangravite L, Omberg L. Causality-based tests to detect the influence of confounders on mobile health diagnostic applications: a comparison with restricted permutations. arXiv. 2019 Nov:arXiv-1911. arxiv.org/abs/1911.05139
- Rohlfing I. Case studies and causal inference: An integrative framework. Palgrave Macmillan; 2012 Sep 26. link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137271327
- 2013 review by Martino Maggetti: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spsr.12063
- van der Laan MJ, Malenica I. Robust Estimation of Data-Dependent Causal Effects based on Observing a Single Time-Series. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.00734. 2018 Sep 3. arxiv.org/abs/1809.00734
- Wu X, Weinberger KR, Wellenius GA, Dominici F, Braun D. Assessing the causal effects of a stochastic intervention in time series data: Are heat alerts effective in preventing deaths and hospitalizations?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.10478. 2021 Feb 20. arxiv.org/abs/2102.10478
Changepoint Approaches
Publications
- Batley PN, Hedges LV. Accurate models vs. accurate estimates: A simulation study of Bayesian single-case experimental designs. Behavior Research Methods. 2021 Feb 11:1-7. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-020-01522-0
- Daza EJ. Causal analysis of self-tracked time series data using a counterfactual framework for N-of-1 trials. Methods of information in medicine. 2018 Feb;57(Suppl 1):e10. thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.3414/ME16-02-0044
- LaTeX pre-print (identical content) here
- Natesan P, Hedges LV. Bayesian unknown change-point models to investigate immediacy in single case designs. Psychological Methods. 2017 Dec;22(4):743. psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmet0000134 (pdf)
Clinical Research, Trials, Practice
Links
- Unified Protocol Institute unifiedprotocol.com/
- Using connected sensor technologies to measure health at home npjdigitalmedcommunity.nature.com…
Publications
- Coravos A, Doerr M, Goldsack J, Manta C, Shervey M, Woods B, Wood WA. Modernizing and designing evaluation frameworks for connected sensor technologies in medicine. npj Digital Medicine. 2020 Mar 13;3(1):1-0. nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0237-3
- Marra C, Chen JL, Coravos A, Stern AD. Quantifying the use of connected digital products in clinical research. npj Digital Medicine. 2020 Apr 3;3(1):1-0. nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0259-x
Community
Links
- International Collaborative Network (ICN) for N-of-1 Clinical Trials and Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) nof1sced.org
- Open Humans openhumans.org
- Open mHealth openmhealth.org
- Quantified Self quantifiedself.com
- Sage Bionetworks sagebionetworks.org
Publications
- Chen C, Haddad D, Selsky J, Hoffman JE, Kravitz RL, Estrin DE, Sim I. Making sense of mobile health data: an open architecture to improve individual-and population-level health. Journal of medical Internet research. 2012;14(4):e112. jmir.org/2012/4/e112
Connectivity Map
Publications
- Beltz AM, Wright AG, Sprague BN, Molenaar PC. Bridging the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the analysis of clinical data. Assessment. 2016 Aug;23(4):447-58. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073191116648209
Digital Phenotyping
Links
- Onnela Lab at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health: Beiwe Research Platform hsph.harvard.edu/onnela-lab/beiwe-research-platform
- The AWARE Framework https://awareframework.com/
- The Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams (RAPIDS) https://www.rapids.science/
- The Digital Biomarker Discovery Pipeline (DBDP) https://dbdp.org/
- The Learn, Assess, Manage, Prevent (LAMP) platform https://www.digitalpsych.org/lamp.html
- The Remote assessment of Disease And Relapse (RADAR) platform https://radar-base.org/
- The Effortless Assessment Research System (EARS) https://ksanahealth.com/ears
Publications
- Barnett I, Torous J, Staples P, Keshavan M, Onnela JP. Beyond smartphones and sensors: Choosing appropriate statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2018 Dec;25(12):1669-74. academic.oup.com/jamia/article/25/12/1669/5110357
- Onnela JP, Rauch SL. Harnessing smartphone-based digital phenotyping to enhance behavioral and mental health. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Jun;41(7):1691-6. nature.com/articles/npp20167
Dynamic Systems
Publications
- Molenaar PC, Valsiner J. How generalization works through the single case: A simple idiographic process analysis of an individual psychotherapy. YIS: Yearbook of idiographic science. 2009;1:23-38. researchgate.net/profile/Sergio_Salvatore/publication/235762368_….pdf#page=23
- Vieira R, McDonald S, Araújo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF, Henderson R. Dynamic modelling of n-of-1 data: powerful and flexible data analytics applied to individualised studies. Health Psychology Review. 2017 Jul 3;11(3):222-34. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2017.1343680
Effect Size and Tau-U (from Kendall’s τ)
Publications
- Brossart DF, Laird VC, Armstrong TW. Interpreting Kendall’s Tau and Tau-U for single-case experimental designs. Cogent Psychology. 2018 Jan 1;5(1):1518687. cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311908.2018.1518687
- Chen LT, Wu PJ, Peng CY. Accounting for baseline trends in intervention studies: Methods, effect sizes, and software. Cogent Psychology. 2019 Jan 1;6(1):1679941. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1679941
- Manolov R, Solanas A. Comparing N= 1 effect size indices in presence of autocorrelation. Behavior modification. 2008 Nov;32(6):860-75. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445508318866
- Parker RI, Vannest K. An improved effect size for single-case research: Nonoverlap of all pairs. Behavior Therapy. 2009 Dec 1;40(4):357-67. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005789408000816
- Parker RI, Vannest KJ, Davis JL, Sauber SB. Combining nonoverlap and trend for single-case research: Tau-U. Behavior Therapy. 2011 Jun 1;42(2):284-99. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005789411000153
- Solanas A, Manolov R, Onghena P. Estimating slope and level change in N= 1 designs. Behavior Modification. 2010 May;34(3):195-218. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445510363306
- Tarlow KR. An improved rank correlation effect size statistic for single-case designs: Baseline corrected Tau. Behavior Modification. 2017 Jul;41(4):427-67. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445516676750
- Vannest KJ, Ninci J. Evaluating intervention effects in single‐case research designs. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2015 Oct;93(4):403-11. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcad.12038
Functional Data Analysis
Publications
- Fok CC, Ramsay JO. Fitting curves with periodic and nonperiodic trends and their interactions with intensive longitudinal data. Models for intensive longitudinal data. 2006 Jan 19:109-23. oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173444.001.0001/acprof-9780195173444
- Li R, Root TL, Shiffman S. A local linear estimation procedure for functional multilevel modeling. Models for intensive longitudinal data. 2006 Jan 19:63-83. oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173444.001.0001/acprof-9780195173444
- Ramsay JO. Functional data analysis. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences 4 (2004). onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471667196.ess3138
- Ramsay JO. Functional data analysis—Theory. Wiley Online Library; 2014. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118445112.stat00516.pub2/pdf
- Ramsay JO and Silverman BW. Applied functional data analysis: Methods and case studies. Springer, 2007. citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.468.2686&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Tan X, Shiyko MP, Li R, Li Y, Dierker L. A time-varying effect model for intensive longitudinal data. Psychological methods. 2012 Mar;17(1):61. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3288551/
Generalization
Publications
- Kennedy MM. Generalizing from single case studies. Evaluation quarterly. 1979 Nov;3(4):661-78. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0193841x7900300409
Longitudinal Analysis
Publications
- Barnett I, Torous J, Staples P, Keshavan M, Onnela JP. Beyond smartphones and sensors: Choosing appropriate statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2018 Dec;25(12):1669-74. academic.oup.com/jamia/article/25/12/1669/5110357
- Daza EJ. Person as Population: A Longitudinal View of Single-Subject Causal Inference for Analyzing Self-Tracked Health Data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.03423. 2019 Jan 10. arxiv.org/abs/1901.03423
- Lum K, Dunson DB, Johndrow J. Closer than they appear: A Bayesian perspective on individual-level heterogeneity in risk assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.01135. 2021 Feb 1. arxiv.org/abs/2102.01135
- Wang E, Cook D, Hyndman RJ. A new tidy data structure to support exploration and modeling of temporal data. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. 2019 Dec 27:1-3. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10618600.2019.1695624
Masked Visual Analysis
Links
- Single Case Design Masked Visual Analysis (SCD-MVA) App singlecasemva.app/
Publications
- Byun TM, Hitchcock ER, Ferron J. Masked visual analysis: Minimizing type I error in visually guided single-case design for communication disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2017 Jun 10;60(6):1455-66. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/)]
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
- Ferron JM, Joo SH, Levin JR. A Monte Carlo evaluation of masked visual analysis in response‐guided versus fixed‐criteria multiple‐baseline designs. Journal of applied behavior analysis. 2017 Oct;50(4):701-16. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaba.410
- Ferron J, Rohrer LL, Levin JR. Randomization procedures for changing criterion designs. Behavior modification. 2019 May 12:0145445519847627. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445519847627
- Moeyaert M, Bursali S, Ferron JM. SCD‐MVA: A mobile application for conducting single‐case experimental design research during the pandemic. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2021 Jan;3(1):75-96. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbe2.223
Measurement Error
Publications
- Ferrari P, Friedenreich C, Matthews CE. The role of measurement error in estimating levels of physical activity. American journal of epidemiology. 2007 Oct 1;166(7):832-40. academic.oup.com/aje/article/166/7/832/94900
Missing Data
Publications
- Catellier DJ, Hannan PJ, Murray DM, Addy CL, Conway TL, Yang S, Rice JC. Imputation of missing data when measuring physical activity by accelerometry. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2005 Nov;37(11 Suppl):S555. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435061
- Chen LT, Feng Y, Wu PJ, Peng CY. Dealing with missing data by EM in single-case studies. Behavior Research Methods. 2020 Feb;52(1):131-50. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-019-01210-8
- De TK, Michiels B, Tanious R, Onghena P. Handling missing data in randomization tests for single-case experiments: A simulation study. Behavior Research Methods. 2020 Jan 2:1-6. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-019-01320-3
- Rowe DA, Mahar MT, Raedeke TD, Lore J. Measuring physical activity in children with pedometers: Reliability, reactivity, and replacement of missing data. Pediatric Exercise Science. 2004 Nov 1;16(4):343-54. researchgate.net/profile/David_Rowe/publication/251259986….pdf
Mobile Devices + Sensors + Wearables
Links
- Statistical Methods and Applications for Research in Technology (SMART) working group of the Department of Biostatistics in the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) smart-stats.org
- Using connected sensor technologies to measure health at home npjdigitalmedcommunity.nature.com…
- Wearable and Implantable Technology (WIT) ciprianstats.org
- The AWARE Framework https://awareframework.com/
- The Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams (RAPIDS) https://www.rapids.science/
- The Digital Biomarker Discovery Pipeline (DBDP) https://dbdp.org/
- The Learn, Assess, Manage, Prevent (LAMP) platform https://www.digitalpsych.org/lamp.html
- The Remote assessment of Disease And Relapse (RADAR) platform https://radar-base.org/
- The Effortless Assessment Research System (EARS) https://ksanahealth.com/ears
Publications
- Coravos A, Doerr M, Goldsack J, Manta C, Shervey M, Woods B, Wood WA. Modernizing and designing evaluation frameworks for connected sensor technologies in medicine. npj Digital Medicine. 2020 Mar 13;3(1):1-0. nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0237-3
Mobility
Links
- Stanford Mobilize Center mobilize.stanford.edu
Multiple Baseline Designs
Publications
- Bouwmeester S, and Jongerling J. Power of a randomization test in a single case multiple baseline AB design. PLOS ONE. 2020 Feb 6;15(2):e0228355. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228355
- DeLoatche KJ. Parent-child interaction therapy as a treatment for ADHD in early childhood: A multiple baseline single-case design. University of South Florida; 2015. core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71953292.pdf
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
N-of-1 Trials
Publications
- Araujo A, Julious S, Senn S. Understanding variation in sets of N-of-1 trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(12). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131970
- Balandat M. New tools for econometric analysis of high-frequency time series data-application to demand-side management in electricity markets. University of California, Berkeley; 2016. search.proquest.com/openview/17ecbcf034eb521b90b63a6fe9c8a314/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
- Blackston JW, Chapple AG, McGree JM, McDonald S, Nikles J. Comparison of Aggregated N-of-1 Trials with Parallel and Crossover Randomized Controlled Trials Using Simulation Studies. Healthcare 2019 Dec (Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 137). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/4/137
- Daza EJ. Causal analysis of self-tracked time series data using a counterfactual framework for N-of-1 trials. Methods of information in medicine. 2018 Feb;57(Suppl 1):e10. thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.3414/ME16-02-0044
- LaTeX pre-print (identical content) here
- Duan N, Kravitz RL, Schmid CH. Single-patient (n-of-1) trials: a pragmatic clinical decision methodology for patient-centered comparative effectiveness research. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2013 Aug 1;66(8):S21-8. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089543561300156X
- Gabler NB, Duan N, Vohra S, Kravitz RL. N-of-1 trials in the medical literature: a systematic review. Medical care. 2011 Aug 1:761-8. jstor.org/stable/23053842
- Kravitz RL, Duan N, Niedzinski EJ, Hay MC, Subramanian SK, Weisner TS. What Ever Happened to N‐of‐1 Trials? Insiders' Perspectives and a Look to the Future. The Milbank Quarterly. 2008 Dec;86(4):533-55. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2008.00533.x
- Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine?. Personalized medicine. 2011 Mar;8(2):161-73. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118090
- Nikles J, McDonald S (editors). Special Issue: N-of-1 Trials in Healthcare. Healthcare. 2019 Jul - 2020 Feb. 13 articles. mdpi.com/journal/healthcare/special_issues/N_of_1
- Schork NJ. Personalized medicine: time for one-person trials. Nature. 2015 Apr;520(7549):609-11. nature.com/news/personalized-medicine-time-for-one-person-trials-1.17411
- Senarathne SG, Overstall AM, McGree JM. Bayesian adaptive N‐of‐1 trials for estimating population and individual treatment effects. Statistics in Medicine. 2020 Dec 20;39(29):4499-518. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.8737
- Senn S. Sample size considerations for n-of-1 trials. Statistical methods in medical research. 2019 Feb;28(2):372-83. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0962280217726801
- Tate RL, McDonald S, Perdices M, Togher L, Schultz R, Savage S. Rating the methodological quality of single-subject designs and n-of-1 trials: Introducing the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) Scale. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2008 Aug 1;18(4):385-401. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09602010802009201
- Vieira R, McDonald S, Araújo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF, Henderson R. Dynamic modelling of n-of-1 data: powerful and flexible data analytics applied to individualised studies. Health Psychology Review. 2017 Jul 3;11(3):222-34. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2017.1343680
- Wang Y, Schork NJ. Power and Design Issues in Crossover-Based N-Of-1 Clinical Trials with Fixed Data Collection Periods. Healthcare 2019 Sep (Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 84). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/3/84
Overviews, Histories, Perspectives, Viewpoints, Systematic Reviews
Publications
- Barlow DH, Nock MK. Why can’t we be more idiographic in our research?. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2009 Jan;4(1):19-21. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01088.x
- Dallery J, Raiff BR. Optimizing behavioral health interventions with single-case designs: from development to dissemination. Translational behavioral medicine. 2014 Sep 1;4(3):290-303. academic.oup.com/tbm/article-abstract/4/3/290/4561509
- Duan N, Kravitz RL, Schmid CH. Single-patient (n-of-1) trials: a pragmatic clinical decision methodology for patient-centered comparative effectiveness research. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2013 Aug 1;66(8):S21-8. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089543561300156X
- Gabler NB, Duan N, Vohra S, Kravitz RL. N-of-1 trials in the medical literature: a systematic review. Medical care. 2011 Aug 1:761-8. jstor.org/stable/23053842
- Kravitz RL, Duan N, Niedzinski EJ, Hay MC, Subramanian SK, Weisner TS. What Ever Happened to N‐of‐1 Trials? Insiders' Perspectives and a Look to the Future. The Milbank Quarterly. 2008 Dec;86(4):533-55. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2008.00533.x
- Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine?. Personalized medicine. 2011 Mar;8(2):161-73. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118090
- Nikles J, Daza EJ, McDonald S, Hekler E, Schork NJ (editors). Research Topic: Creating Evidence from Real World Patient Digital Data. Frontiers in Computer Science (Digital Public Health), Frontiers in Psychiatry (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Public Mental Health), Frontiers in Psychology (Health Psychology, Psychology for Clinical Settings), Frontiers in Digital Health (Connected Health, Personalized Medicine, Health Informatics), Frontiers in Neurology (Neurorehabilitation), Frontiers in Public Health (Public Mental Health, Digital Public Health), Frontiers in Sociology (Public Mental Health). 2020 Feb - 2020 Oct. 13 articles. frontiersin.org/research-topics/10089
- Nikles J, McDonald S (editors). Special Issue: N-of-1 Trials in Healthcare. Healthcare. 2019 Jul - 2020 Feb. 13 articles. mdpi.com/journal/healthcare/special_issues/N_of_1
- Ridenour TA, Pineo TZ, Molina MM, Lich KH. Toward rigorous idiographic research in prevention science: Comparison between three analytic strategies for testing preventive intervention in very small samples. Prevention Science. 2013 Jun 1;14(3):267-78. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3782303/(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3782303/)
- Schork NJ. Personalized medicine: time for one-person trials. Nature. 2015 Apr;520(7549):609-11. nature.com/news/personalized-medicine-time-for-one-person-trials-1.17411
- Shaffer JA, Kronish IM, Falzon L, Cheung YK, Davidson KW. N-of-1 randomized intervention trials in health psychology: a systematic review and methodology critique. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2018 Sep;52(9):731-42. academic.oup.com/abm/article/52/9/731/4837296
- Smith JD. Single-case experimental designs: a systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological methods. 2012 Dec;17(4):510. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652808
- Vlaeyen JW, Wicksell RK, Simons LE, Gentili C, De TK, Tate RL, Vohra S, Punja S, Linton SJ, Sniehotta FF, Onghena P. From Boulder to Stockholm in 70 Years: Single Case Experimental Designs in Clinical Research. The Psychological Record. 2020 Dec;70:659-70. link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-020-00402-5
Randomization Tests
Publications
- Bouwmeester S, and Jongerling J. Power of a randomization test in a single case multiple baseline AB design. PLOS ONE. 2020 Feb 6;15(2):e0228355. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228355
- De TK, Michiels B, Tanious R, Onghena P. Handling missing data in randomization tests for single-case experiments: A simulation study. Behavior Research Methods. 2020 Jan 2:1-6. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-019-01320-3
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
- Ferron JM, Levin JR. Single-case permutation and randomization statistical tests: Present status, promising new developments. psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-42865-006
- Lall VF, Levin JR. An empirical investigation of the statistical properties of generalized single-case randomization tests. Journal of School Psychology. 2004 Jan 1;42(1):61-86. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022440503001201
Repeated Measures + Individual Heterogeneity
Publications
- Lum K, Dunson DB, Johndrow J. Closer than they appear: A Bayesian perspective on individual-level heterogeneity in risk assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.01135. 2021 Feb 1. arxiv.org/abs/2102.01135
- Araujo A, Julious S, Senn S. Understanding variation in sets of N-of-1 trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(12). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131970
- Shaffer JA, Kronish IM, Falzon L, Cheung YK, Davidson KW. N-of-1 randomized intervention trials in health psychology: a systematic review and methodology critique. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2018 Sep;52(9):731-42. academic.oup.com/abm/article/52/9/731/4837296
Sample Size + Statistical Power
Publications
- Blackston JW, Chapple AG, McGree JM, McDonald S, Nikles J. Comparison of Aggregated N-of-1 Trials with Parallel and Crossover Randomized Controlled Trials Using Simulation Studies. Healthcare 2019 Dec (Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 137). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/4/137
- Bouwmeester S, and Jongerling J. Power of a randomization test in a single case multiple baseline AB design. PLOS ONE. 2020 Feb 6;15(2):e0228355. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228355
- Ferron J, Onghena P. The power of randomization tests for single-case phase designs. The Journal of Experimental Education. 1996 Apr 1;64(3):231-9. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220973.1996.9943805
- Hedges, LV, Shadish, WR & Natesan Batley, P. Power analysis for single-case designs: Computations for (AB)k designs. Behav Res (2022). doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-01971-9
- Percha B, Baskerville EB, Johnson M, Dudley JT, Zimmerman N. Designing Robust N-of-1 studies for precision medicine: Simulation study and design recommendations. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(4):e12641. jmir.org/2019/4/e12641/
- Senn S. Sample size considerations for n-of-1 trials. Statistical methods in medical research. 2019 Feb;28(2):372-83. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0962280217726801
- Wang Y, Schork NJ. Power and Design Issues in Crossover-Based N-Of-1 Clinical Trials with Fixed Data Collection Periods. Healthcare 2019 Sep (Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 84). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/3/84
Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) + Single-Subject Research/Designs
Links
- Single Case Research (SCR): web based calculators for SCR analysis singlecaseresearch.org
Publications
- Barlow DH, Nock MK. Why can’t we be more idiographic in our research?. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2009 Jan;4(1):19-21. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01088.x
- Batley PN, Hedges LV. Accurate models vs. accurate estimates: A simulation study of Bayesian single-case experimental designs. Behavior Research Methods. 2021 Feb 11:1-7. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-020-01522-0
- Bouwmeester S, and Jongerling J. Power of a randomization test in a single case multiple baseline AB design. PLOS ONE. 2020 Feb 6;15(2):e0228355. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228355
- Brossart DF, Laird VC, Armstrong TW. Interpreting Kendall’s Tau and Tau-U for single-case experimental designs. Cogent Psychology. 2018 Jan 1;5(1):1518687. cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311908.2018.1518687
- Byun TM, Hitchcock ER, Ferron J. Masked visual analysis: Minimizing type I error in visually guided single-case design for communication disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2017 Jun 10;60(6):1455-66. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/)]
- De TK, Michiels B, Tanious R, Onghena P. Handling missing data in randomization tests for single-case experiments: A simulation study. Behavior Research Methods. 2020 Jan 2:1-6. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-019-01320-3
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
- Ferron JM, Levin JR. Single-case permutation and randomization statistical tests: Present status, promising new developments. psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-42865-006
- Ferron J, Rohrer LL, Levin JR. Randomization procedures for changing criterion designs. Behavior modification. 2019 May 12:0145445519847627. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445519847627
- Hedges, LV, Shadish, WR & Natesan Batley, P. Power analysis for single-case designs: Computations for (AB)k designs. Behav Res (2022). doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-01971-9
- Kennedy MM. Generalizing from single case studies. Evaluation quarterly. 1979 Nov;3(4):661-78. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0193841x7900300409
- Lall VF, Levin JR. An empirical investigation of the statistical properties of generalized single-case randomization tests. Journal of School Psychology. 2004 Jan 1;42(1):61-86. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022440503001201
- Langenberg B, Wurpts IC, Geuke GG, Onghena P. Estimating and Testing Causal Mediation Effects in Single-Case Experimental Designs Using State-Space Modeling. Evaluation & the Health Professions. 2022:01632787211067533. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01632787211067533
- Manolov R, Gast DL, Perdices M, Evans JJ. Single-case experimental designs: Reflections on conduct and analysis. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2014 Jul 4;24(3-4):634-60. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09602011.2014.903199
- Natesan P, Hedges LV. Bayesian unknown change-point models to investigate immediacy in single case designs. Psychological Methods. 2017 Dec;22(4):743. psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmet0000134 (pdf)
- Natesan Batley P, Shukla Mehta S, Hitchcock JH. A Bayesian rate ratio effect size to quantify intervention effects for count data in single case experimental research. Behavioral Disorders. 2020 Jun 19:0198742920930704. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0198742920930704 (pdf)
- Smith JD. Single-case experimental designs: a systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological methods. 2012 Dec;17(4):510. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652808
- Tate RL, McDonald S, Perdices M, Togher L, Schultz R, Savage S. Rating the methodological quality of single-subject designs and n-of-1 trials: Introducing the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) Scale. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2008 Aug 1;18(4):385-401. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09602010802009201
- Van den Noortgate W, Onghena P. Combining single-case experimental data using hierarchical linear models. School Psychology Quarterly. 2003;18(3):325. psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-08719-005
- Vlaeyen JW, Wicksell RK, Simons LE, Gentili C, De TK, Tate RL, Vohra S, Punja S, Linton SJ, Sniehotta FF, Onghena P. From Boulder to Stockholm in 70 Years: Single Case Experimental Designs in Clinical Research. The Psychological Record. 2020 Dec;70:659-70. link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-020-00402-5
Small Data
Links
- Quality of Life (QoL) Technologies Lab qualityoflifetechnologies.com
- Small Data Lab at Cornell Tech smalldata.io
Software Tools
Links
- hts: An R Package for Forecasting Hierarchical or Grouped Time Series cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hts/vignettes/hts.pdf
- List of single-case data analysis software tools osf.io/t6ws6/
- Single Case Design Masked Visual Analysis (SCD-MVA) App singlecasemva.app/
- Single Case Research (SCR): web based calculators for SCR analysis singlecaseresearch.org
- The AWARE Framework https://awareframework.com/
- The Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams (RAPIDS) https://www.rapids.science/
- The Digital Biomarker Discovery Pipeline (DBDP) https://dbdp.org/
- The Learn, Assess, Manage, Prevent (LAMP) platform https://www.digitalpsych.org/lamp.html
- The Remote assessment of Disease And Relapse (RADAR) platform https://radar-base.org/
- The Effortless Assessment Research System (EARS) https://ksanahealth.com/ears
- StudyU Platform https://github.com/hpi-studyu/studyu
Publications
- Bulté I, Onghena P. The single-case data analysis package: Analysing single-case experiments with R software. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods. 2013;12(2):28. digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1796&context=jmasm
- Declercq L, Cools W, Beretvas SN, Moeyaert M, Ferron JM, Van den Noortgate W. MultiSCED: A tool for (meta-) analyzing single-case experimental data with multilevel modeling. Behavior research methods. 2020 Feb;52(1):177-92. link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-019-01216-2
- Konigorski S, Wernicke S, Slosarek T, Zenner AM, Strelow N, Ruether FD, Henschel F, Manaswini M, Pottbäcker F, Edelman JA, Owoyele B. StudyU: a platform for designing and conducting innovative digital N-of-1 trials. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.14201. 2020 Dec 28. arxiv.org/abs/2012.14201
- Manolov R, Moeyaert M. How can single-case data be analyzed? Software resources, tutorial, and reflections on analysis. Behavior Modification. 2017 Mar;41(2):179-228. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445516664307
- Moeyaert M, Bursali S, Ferron JM. SCD‐MVA: A mobile application for conducting single‐case experimental design research during the pandemic. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2021 Jan;3(1):75-96. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbe2.223
- Wang E, Cook D, Hyndman RJ. A new tidy data structure to support exploration and modeling of temporal data. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. 2019 Dec 27:1-3. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10618600.2019.1695624
Special Issues + Collections
Publications
- Davidson K, Cheung K, Friel C, Suls J. Introducing Data Sciences to N-of-1 Designs, Statistics, Use-Cases, the Future, and the Moniker ‘N-of-1’Trial. hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/specialissue3 + hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/pv2y77y3/release/1?readingCollection=c31cf5ee
- Nikles J, McDonald S (editors). Special Issue: N-of-1 Trials in Healthcare. Healthcare. 2019 Jul - 2020 Feb. 13 articles. mdpi.com/journal/healthcare/special_issues/N_of_1
- Nikles J, Daza EJ, McDonald S, Hekler E, Schork NJ (editors). Research Topic: Creating Evidence from Real World Patient Digital Data. Frontiers in Computer Science (Digital Public Health), Frontiers in Psychiatry (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Public Mental Health), Frontiers in Psychology (Health Psychology, Psychology for Clinical Settings), Frontiers in Digital Health (Connected Health, Personalized Medicine, Health Informatics), Frontiers in Neurology (Neurorehabilitation), Frontiers in Public Health (Public Mental Health, Digital Public Health), Frontiers in Sociology (Public Mental Health). 2020 Feb - 2020 Oct. 13 articles. frontiersin.org/research-topics/10089
Study Design, Analysis, Reporting
Links
- ICN Analysis Resources nof1andsced.wixsite.com/home/analysis
- Single Case Research (SCR): web based calculators for SCR analysis singlecaseresearch.org
- Using connected sensor technologies to measure health at home npjdigitalmedcommunity.nature.com…
Publications
- Araujo A, Julious S, Senn S. Understanding variation in sets of N-of-1 trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(12). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131970
- Coravos A, Doerr M, Goldsack J, Manta C, Shervey M, Woods B, Wood WA. Modernizing and designing evaluation frameworks for connected sensor technologies in medicine. npj Digital Medicine. 2020 Mar 13;3(1):1-0. nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0237-3
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
- Ferron J, Rohrer LL, Levin JR. Randomization procedures for changing criterion designs. Behavior modification. 2019 May 12:0145445519847627. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445519847627
- Franklin RD, Allison DB, Gorman BS, editors. Design and analysis of single-case research. Psychology Press; 2014 Jan 14. psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-97365-000
- Gorman BS, Allison DB. Statistical alternatives for single-case designs. Design and analysis of single-case research. 1996:159-214. taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315806402/chapters/10.4324/9781315806402-12
- Hott BL, Limberg D, Ohrt JH, Schmit MK. Reporting results of single‐case studies. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2015 Oct;93(4):412-7. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcad.12039
- Huitema B. The analysis of covariance and alternatives: Statistical methods for experiments, quasi-experiments, and single-case studies. John Wiley & Sons; 2011 Oct 24. wiley.com/en-us/The+Analysis+of+Covariance+and+Alternatives…
- Kratochwill TR, Hitchcock JH, Horner RH, Levin JR, Odom SL, Rindskopf DM, Shadish WR. Single-case intervention research design standards. Remedial and Special Education. 2013 Jan;34(1):26-38. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0741932512452794
- Kratochwill TR, Hitchcock J, Horner RH, Levin JR, Odom SL, Rindskopf DM, Shadish WR. Single-case designs technical documentation. What works clearinghouse. 2010 Jun. eric.ed.gov/?id=ED510743
- Kravitz RL, Duan N, eds, and the DEcIDE Methods Center N-of-1 Guidance Panel (Duan N, Eslick I, Gabler NB, Kaplan HC, Kravitz RL, Larson EB, Pace WD, Schmid CH, Sim I, Vohra S). Design and Implementation of N-of-1 Trials: A User’s Guide. AHRQ Publication No. 13(14)-EHC122-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; February 2014. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/n-1-trials/research-2014-5
- Logan LR, Hickman RR, Harris SR, Heriza CB. Single‐subject research design: recommendations for levels of evidence and quality rating. Developmental medicine & child neurology. 2008 Feb;50(2):99-103. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02005.x
- Manolov R, Moeyaert M. Recommendations for choosing single-case data analytical techniques. Behavior Therapy. 2017 Jan 1;48(1):97-114. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005789416300284
- Manolov R, Onghena P. Analyzing data from single-case alternating treatments designs. Psychological Methods. 2018 Sep;23(3):480. psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmet0000133
- McDonald S, Vieira R, Johnston DW. Analysing N-of-1 observational data in health psychology and behavioural medicine: A 10-step SPSS tutorial for beginners. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine. 2020 Jan 1;8(1):32-54. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642850.2019.1711096
- Naughton F, Johnston D. A starter kit for undertaking n-of-1 trials. The European Health Psychologist. 2014;16(5):196-205. ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/61949
- Nikles J and Mitchell G, eds. The essential guide to N-of-1 trials in health. New York, NY, USA:: Springer, 2015. link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-94-017-7200-6
- Percha B, Baskerville EB, Johnson M, Dudley JT, Zimmerman N. Designing Robust N-of-1 studies for precision medicine: Simulation study and design recommendations. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(4):e12641. jmir.org/2019/4/e12641/
- Ridenour TA, Chen SH, Liu HY, Bobashev GV, Hill K, Cooper R. The clinical trials mosaic: toward a range of clinical trials designs to optimize evidence-based treatment. Journal for Person-Oriented Research. 2017;3(1):28-48. [person-research.org/journal/files/3_1/filer/5.pdf(https://www.person-research.org/journal/files/3_1/filer/5.pdf)
- Senn, S. Making it personal: N-of-1 trials, allowing for individuality but not overdoing it. nQuery Sample Size Software Team. 2017 Jan 11. blog.statsols.com/making-it-personal-n-of-1-trials-allowing-for-individuality-but-not-overdoing-it
- Senarathne SG, Overstall AM, McGree JM. Bayesian adaptive N‐of‐1 trials for estimating population and individual treatment effects. Statistics in Medicine. 2020 Dec 20;39(29):4499-518. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.8737
- Smith JD. Single-case experimental designs: a systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological methods. 2012 Dec;17(4):510. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652808
- Tate RL, McDonald S, Perdices M, Togher L, Schultz R, Savage S. Rating the methodological quality of single-subject designs and n-of-1 trials: Introducing the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) Scale. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2008 Aug 1;18(4):385-401. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09602010802009201
- Tate RL, Perdices M, Rosenkoetter U, Shadish W, Vohra S, Barlow DH, Horner R, Kazdin A, Kratochwill T, McDonald S, Sampson M, Shamseer L, Togher L, Albin R, Backman C, Douglas J, Evans JJ, Gast D, Manolov R, Mitchell G, Nickels L, Nikles J, Ownsworth T, Rose M, Schmid CH, Wilson B. The single-case reporting guideline in behavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 statement. Physical Therapy. 2016 Jul 1;96(7):e1-0. academic.oup.com/ptj/article/96/7/e1/2864911
- Vohra S, Shamseer L, Sampson M, Bukutu C, Schmid CH, Tate R, Nikles J, Zucker DR, Kravitz R, Guyatt G, Altman DG. CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015 Statement. bmj. 2015 May 14;350:h1738. bmj.com/content/bmj/350/bmj.h1738.full.pdf
- Wang Y, Schork NJ. Power and Design Issues in Crossover-Based N-Of-1 Clinical Trials with Fixed Data Collection Periods. Healthcare 2019 Sep (Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 84). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/7/3/84
Time Series
Publications
- Beltz AM, Wright AG, Sprague BN, Molenaar PC. Bridging the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the analysis of clinical data. Assessment. 2016 Aug;23(4):447-58. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073191116648209
- Bojinov I, Shephard N. Time series experiments and causal estimands: exact randomization tests and trading. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2019 Oct 2;114(528):1665-82. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.2018.1527225
- Daza EJ. Person as Population: A Longitudinal View of Single-Subject Causal Inference for Analyzing Self-Tracked Health Data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.03423. 2019 Jan 10. arxiv.org/abs/1901.03423
- Daza EJ. Causal analysis of self-tracked time series data using a counterfactual framework for n-of-1 trials. Methods of Information in Medicine. 2018 Feb;57(01):e10-21. thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.3414/ME16-02-0044
- LaTeX version (identical content with cleanly formatted notation) here
- Daza EJ, Schneider L. Model-Twin Randomization (MoTR): A Monte Carlo Method for Estimating the Within-Individual Average Treatment Effect Using Wearable Sensors. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.00739. 2022 Aug 2. arxiv.org/abs/2208.00739
- Goldstein H, Healy MJ, Rasbash J. Multilevel time series models with applications to repeated measures data. Statistics in medicine. 1994 Aug 30;13(16):1643-55. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.4780131605
- Golino H, Christensen AP, Nesselroade JR. Towards a psychology of individuals: the ergodicity information index and a bottom-up approach for finding generalizations 2022. doi:10.31234/osf.io/th6rm. psyarxiv.com/th6rm
- Hyndman RJ, Athanasopoulos G, Shang HL. hts: An R Package for Forecasting Hierarchical or Grouped Time Series. R Package 2015. cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hts/vignettes/hts.pdf
- Malenica I, Bibaut A, van der Laan MJ. Adaptive Sequential Design for a Single Time-Series. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.00102. 2021 Jan 29. arxiv.org/abs/2102.00102
- Molenaar PC, Valsiner J. How generalization works through the single case: A simple idiographic process analysis of an individual psychotherapy. YIS: Yearbook of idiographic science. 2009;1:23-38. researchgate.net/profile/Sergio_Salvatore/publication/235762368_….pdf#page=23
- Neto EC, Bot BM, Perumal T, Omberg L, Guinney J, Kellen M, Klein A, Friend SH, Trister AD. Personalized hypothesis tests for detecting medication response in Parkinson disease patients using iPhone Sensor data. InBiocomputing 2016: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium 2016 (pp. 273-284). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776193
- Neto EC, Prentice RL, Bot BM, Kellen M, Friend SH, Trister AD, Omberg L, Mangravite L. Towards personalized causal inference of medication response in mobile health: an instrumental variable approach for randomized trials with imperfect compliance. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.01055. 2016 Apr 4. arxiv.org/abs/1604.01055
- van der Laan MJ, Malenica I. Robust Estimation of Data-Dependent Causal Effects based on Observing a Single Time-Series. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.00734. 2018 Sep 3. arxiv.org/abs/1809.00734
- Vieira R, McDonald S, Araújo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF, Henderson R. Dynamic modelling of n-of-1 data: powerful and flexible data analytics applied to individualised studies. Health Psychology Review. 2017 Jul 3;11(3):222-34. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2017.1343680
- Wang E, Cook D, Hyndman RJ. A new tidy data structure to support exploration and modeling of temporal data. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. 2019 Dec 27:1-3. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10618600.2019.1695624
- Wu X, Weinberger KR, Wellenius GA, Dominici F, Braun D. Assessing the causal effects of a stochastic intervention in time series data: Are heat alerts effective in preventing deaths and hospitalizations?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.10478. 2021 Feb 20. arxiv.org/abs/2102.10478
Tutorials
Links
- Jhangiani RS, Chiang IA, Price PC. Research methods in psychology-2nd Canadian Edition (Chapter 10: Single-Subject Research). BC Campus; 2015. opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/single-subject-research-designs/
- University of Connecticut: Neag School of Education: Educational Research Basics by Del Siegle: Single Subject Research researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/single-subject-research/
Publications
- Jhangiani RS, Chiang IA, Price PC. Research methods in psychology-2nd Canadian Edition (Chapter 10: Single-Subject Research). BC Campus; 2015. opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/single-subject-research-designs/
Visualization
Publications
- Byun TM, Hitchcock ER, Ferron J. Masked visual analysis: Minimizing type I error in visually guided single-case design for communication disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2017 Jun 10;60(6):1455-66. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544408/)]
- Dart EH, Radley KC. Toward a standard assembly of linear graphs. School Psychology Quarterly. 2018 Sep;33(3):350. psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-32195-001
- Daza EJ, Wac K, Oppezzo M. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Blood Glucose, Food Cravings, and Affect in a Non-Diabetic: An N-of-1 Randomized Pilot Study. Healthcare 2020 Mar (Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 6). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/1/6
- Ferron J, Jones PK. Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data. The Journal of Experimental Education. 2006 Oct 1;75(1):66-81. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JEXE.75.1.66-81
- Ferron JM, Joo SH, Levin JR. A Monte Carlo evaluation of masked visual analysis in response‐guided versus fixed‐criteria multiple‐baseline designs. Journal of applied behavior analysis. 2017 Oct;50(4):701-16. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaba.410
- Ferron J, Rohrer LL, Levin JR. Randomization procedures for changing criterion designs. Behavior modification. 2019 May 12:0145445519847627. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0145445519847627
- Lane JD, Gast DL. Visual analysis in single case experimental design studies: Brief review and guidelines. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2014 Jul 4;24(3-4):445-63. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09602011.2013.815636
- Moeyaert M, Bursali S, Ferron JM. SCD‐MVA: A mobile application for conducting single‐case experimental design research during the pandemic. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2021 Jan;3(1):75-96. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbe2.223
- Radley KC, Dart EH. Graphing data and visual analysis. 2019. psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-15833-005
- Wang E, Cook D, Hyndman RJ. A new tidy data structure to support exploration and modeling of temporal data. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. 2019 Dec 27:1-3. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10618600.2019.1695624